RFID scanning device

ABSTRACT

Systems, devices and methods for performing inventory management using RFID technology. The system includes a box for receiving one or more items containing RFID tags. Items are scanned against a baseline content data to confirm all items are present and whether any items have expired. The box has security features to prevent unauthorized access to its contents and create an audit trail of access. Access to the box may be granted when a user presents an authorized RFID-enabled card, wrist band, or other item. Multiple locking features provide for additional security. Scanning, authorization, and notification functions may be controlled locally by a processing unit contained within the box itself or remotely by an outside server.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.62/403,319 filed Oct. 3, 2016; and U.S. Provisional Application No.62/465,329, filed Mar. 1, 2017. The contents of both of theseprovisional applications are hereby incorporated by reference as iffully recited herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate generally to RFIDscanning systems, devices and methods, and more specifically those usedfor managing and securing critical inventories, such as medication kitsand prescription drugs.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

RFID (radio-frequency identification) technology has seen adoption formany uses, such as advertising, transportation, shipping and generalinventory management, for instance. Tagging and tracking items with RFIDtechnology in inventory stock is generally done to decrease latency inthe reporting of inventory information and to increase the accuracy inthe information being reported. In many use cases, the application ofRFID technology to inventory management procedures can producesignificant gains in a business's efficiency and speed of operations,and further permits the use of electronic tracking and large-scaleinventory information analysis often used for further improvementssystemically.

RFID technology in general, however, has some disadvantages that can bemagnified in certain potential use cases. In some industries, copingwith these types of issues has led to a slower rate of deployment of thetechnology in general. For example, in the medical industry, accuracy ofthe objects being inventoried (typically medication) is critical.

The medical professionals using the inventoried medication need toconsistently have particular medications available to them. Known RFIDinventory technology is insufficient, however, due to problem with thelabor-intensive creation of such RFID devices, inability to provide bulkscanning, and the actual or potential inaccurate RFID readings due toelectromagnetic interference and leakage which can cause inaccuracies inthe gathered data.

There is, therefore, an unmet need in the prior art for a highlyaccurate bulk scanning RFID inventory device that is relatively easy andcost efficient to manufacture. There is also an unmet need for ascanning RFID inventory device that is secure. Pain killers and othermedications are commonly subject to theft. Furthermore, there are manysettings outside of the traditional hospital or medical office thatstore medications or supplies. For example, fire stations often storepain killers and/or sedatives for use in their ambulances. There is anincreasing amount of theft of pain killers and other medications fromfire stations and other facilities. It is, therefore, desirable to havea secure scanning device that limits access to authorized users. It isalso desirable to have a scanning device that is compact and can beutilized in a variety of environments without the need for a pharmacycomputer or computer station nearby. It is also desirable to have ascanning system that can communicate basic information in a simple waythat can be understood by both medical and non-medical personnel.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to an RFID boxthat is comprised of a conductive metallic material so as to insulate itfrom electromagnetic interference. The RFID box comprises a hinged doorthat is biased open but held shut by latches. Preferably, the door ishinged at the top of the RFID box. The RFID box may comprise an RFIDantenna and a RFID antenna/reader, both of which are configured to readRFID tags placed within the RFID box. A pass-through device ispreferably located on the rear wall of the RFID box which provides achannel for the passage of a communications wire and power supply.

The box may be formed by one C-shaped enclosure and a pair of open topbox shaped side panels such that the enclosure and the side panels forma lip around the front aperture of the RFID box. The hinged door may behung from the top of the enclosure such that it covers said frontaperture when placed in the closed position. A gasket may run theperimeter of the lip to prevent electromagnetic leakage.

The RFID box may be in communication with a remote server and electronicdevice. The RFID box may transmit baseline data regarding the inventoryplaced within the RFID box and current content data regarding theinventory current located in the RFID box to the remote server. Theremote server may compare the data and send a summary of the comparisonto the electronic device.

In an alternative embodiment, the RFID box may comprise a housingsurrounding an interior cavity, where the housing has a front side withan aperture for receiving one or more items into said interior cavity.The housing may have a door adapted to move between an open position(allowing access to the interior cavity) and a close position where suchaccess is prohibited. The RFID box may have an antenna and anantenna/reader for communicating with and receiving information from oneor more RFID tags located within the interior cavity. The RFID box mayhave a local processor that is within the housing. The processor maycommunicate with the antenna and antenna/reader to direct scanning ofthe items in the interior cavity and obtain RFID information thatcomprises, among other things, unique identifiers of each of the items.The processor may compare the results of a scan against baselineinformation previously received to determine if any items are missingand/or expired. The processor may also control access to the box bylocking the box until and unless an authorized user, as identified by anRFID bracelet, badge, card, or other item, is recognized by an RFIDreader located on the device. The processor may achieve this by being inelectronic communication with an access control or audit systemcomprising one or more lock mechanisms, authentication mechanisms,access control units, and associated communicative coupling means.Magnetic and/or mechanical latches and locks may be used to keep thedoor securely shut when an authorized user is not accessing the box. Theprocessor may further store access information in local memory andcommunicate such information to a remote server in order to create anaudit trail of users that have obtained access to the interior cavity.Information regarding items scanned and the audit trail may betransmitted to a web portal or to electronic devices. In variousembodiments the RFID box may have a variety of shapes and sizes asdesired. In some embodiments the RFID box may be sized to receive asingle tray of items, such as a crash cart tray, while in otherembodiments the RFID box may be sized and shaped to receive multipletrays at the same time. The RFID box may have brackets, tabs, or otherfeatures that allow it to be secured to a wall for easy access. The boxmay also have a light that can visually communicate information to usersincluding, for example, whether an item is missing, an item is expired,or whether an unauthorized user has accessed the device.

The RFID tags may comprise a thin tail section for attachment to theobjects to be inventoried and a pair of tabs separated from one anotherby a perforation. The tabs may include an RFID antenna and indicationmarkers such as serial number, bar codes, and QR codes. Furthermore, thetabs may be configured to be folded against one another such that theycreate a flag. Alternatively, the second tab, which has the RFIDantenna, may be torn from the first tab and adhered directly to theobject to be inventoried.

An object of the present invention is to provide an RFID bulk scanningdevice that can be manufactured with relatively minimal labor effort andcost.

It is a further object of this invention to provide an RFID bulkscanning device that can scan objects to be inventoried located thereinwith a high degree of accuracy.

It is a further object of this invention to provide an RFID bulkscanning device that prevents electromagnetic leakage and interference.

It is a further object of this invention to provide an RFID bulkscanning system that can compare the current contents of the RFID bulkscanning device with a baseline data to determine, among other things,whether an item is missing or expired.

It is a further object of this invention to provide an RFID tag that canwork efficiently with said RFID bulk scanning device and system.

It is a further object of this invention to provide an RFID scanningdevice that is compact and has wide utility.

It is a further object of this invention to provide RFID scanningdevices of the type generally described herein, being adapted for thepurposes set forth herein, and overcoming disadvantages found in theprior art. These and other advantages are provided by the inventiondescribed and shown in more detail below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Novel features and advantages of the present invention, in addition tothose mentioned above, will become apparent to those skilled in the artfrom a reading of the following detailed description in conjunction withthe accompanying drawings wherein identical reference characters referto identical parts and in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of RFID box inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the device of the RFID box of FIG. 1illustrated with the door removed to show in the interior of the RFIDbox;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 2 shown with some of theinterior elements removed to further illustrate the interior of the RFIDbox;

FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of the RFID box of FIG. 1 illustratedwith the door removed to show the interior of the RFID box;

FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the RFID box of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a rear view of the RFID box of FIG. 1 indicating section lineA-A;

FIG. 7A is a side sectional view taken along section line A-A of FIG. 6and indicating Detail A;

FIG. 7B is a detailed side sectional view of Detail A shown in FIG. 7A;

FIG. 8 is a plan view of an exemplary system in accordance with thepresent invention;

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of exemplary logic for use with the system ofFIG. 8 and in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a front perspective view of another exemplary embodiment ofthe RFID box of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a front perspective view of the device of FIG. 10 shown withthe door in an opened position and indicating Detail B and Detail C;

FIG. 12 is a detailed front perspective view of Detail B shown in FIG.11;

FIG. 13 is a detailed front perspective view of Detail C shown in FIG.11;

FIG. 14 is a detailed front perspective view of an exemplary passthrough device used with the RFID box of FIG. 10;

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of an inventory basket used with the RFIDbox of FIG. 10;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the RFID box of FIG. 11 with theinventory basket of FIG. 15 located therein;

FIG. 17A is a rear view of an exemplary RFID tag for use with thepresent invention;

FIG. 17B is a front view of the RFID tag of FIG. 17A;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of an exemplary RFID distribution box;

FIG. 19 is a perspective partially transparent view of the device ofFIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is an exploded view of the device of FIG. 18;

FIG. 21 is a top plan view of the device of FIG. 18 with transparency;

FIG. 22 is a front elevation view of the device of FIG. 18 withtransparency;

FIG. 23 is a side elevation section view taken through line 23-23 ofFIG. 22;

FIG. 24 is a front elevation view of the device of FIG. 18 withtransparency;

FIG. 25 is a side elevation section view taken through line 25-25 ofFIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a further exemplary RFID distributionbox;

FIG. 27 is a further perspective view of the device of FIG. 26;

FIG. 28 is another perspective view of the device of FIG. 26;

FIG. 29 is another perspective view of the device of FIG. 26;

FIG. 30 is another perspective view of the device of FIG. 26;

FIG. 31 is another perspective view of the device of FIG. 26;

FIG. 32 is a plan view of an element of a process control unit of thedevice of FIG. 26;

FIG. 33 is a plan view of an element of a process control unit of thedevice of FIG. 26.

FIG. 34 is a perspective view of a further exemplary RFID distributionbox;

FIG. 35 is another perspective view of the device of FIG. 34;

FIG. 36 is a front elevation view of the device of FIG. 34; and

FIG. 37 is another perspective view of the device of FIG. 34.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 though FIG. 7B illustrate an exemplary embodiment of an RFID box100 in accordance with the present invention. In exemplary embodimentsof the present invention, the RFID box 100 is rectangular in shape andcomprises a housing. The housing may comprise a door 114, an enclosure110, and a pair of side panels 112. This is merely exemplary, as anysize and shape RFID box 100 is contemplated along with any number ofcomponents constituting the housing of said RFID box 100.

The enclosure 110 may be C-shaped such that it forms the top, rear, andbottom surfaces of the housing and surrounds an interior cavity 113 thatis accessible through the door 114. The enclosure 110 may additionallyinclude a lip that extends vertically from the top and the bottomsurfaces such that it forms a portion of the front surface of thehousing and partially defines an aperture in the front surface of thehousing. The pair of side panels 112 may be configured to fit within theenclosure 110 on either side thereof such that the side panels 112 formsthe side surfaces of the RFID box 100. In exemplary embodiments of thepresent invention, the side panels 112 may be open top box shaped suchthat they likewise create a lip that protrudes inwardly from the leftand right side panels such that it forms a portion of the front surfaceof the housing and partially defines an aperture in the front surface ofthe housing.

One or more hinges 118 may connect the door 114 to the housing such thatthe RFID box 100 is completely enclosed. In exemplary embodiments of thepresent invention, a pair of hinges 118 are located on the lip formedalong the upper edge of the enclosure 110 and connect the door 114 tothe enclosure 110. This may reduce sagging of the door 114 otherwiseresulting from placing the hinges on the side of the RFID box 100.Sagging of the door 114 may create gaps in the RFID box 100 housing andresult in electromagnetic leakage.

In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the hinges 118 arecontinuous tension hinges that are configured to bias the door 114 inthe opened position, preferably at a 170° angle from the front surfaceof the RFID box 100. The door 114 may be sized and located to cover thefront of the RFID box 100 and be substantially flush with the side andbottom edges thereof, thereby preferably overlapping with at least aportion of the lip created by the enclosure 110 and the side panels 112.In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the door 114 maycomprise one or more tabs 116 that protrude beyond the side panels 112to facilitate a user manipulating the door 114 between a closed positionand an opened position. In other exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention, the door 114 may comprise pull handles, knobs, or otherdevices for opening and closing the door 114.

As best shown in FIG. 2 through FIG. 4, the lip extending around thefront of the RFID box 100 may further comprise a number of latches 120.These latches 120 may be configured to temporarily secure the door 114in the closed position against the housing. The latches 120 may bemagnetic devices configured to interact with the door 114 itself ormagnets located thereon such that the door 114 is held securely in placeagainst the housing until acted upon by a user.

FIG. 2 through FIG. 4 also illustrates the interior of the RFID box 100.A pair of guide rails 122 may be used to guide an inventory basket 238(best shown in FIGS. 15-16), tray, or other container for variousobjects to be inventoried. Any number, size, shape, or location of guiderails 122 are contemplated. In exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention, the guide rails 122 are configured to mate with the inventorybasket 238 or other container and keep it centered as it is placedwithin the RFID box 100.

A gasket 132 may be located along the perimeter of the front surface ofthe housing for the RFID box 100. In exemplary embodiments, the gasket132 may extend along the lip created by the enclosure 110 and the sidepanels 112. The gasket may be comprised of a conductive material and maybe a foam, tape, pad, or the like. An RFID antenna 124 may be locatedalong the bottom surface of the RFID box 100. The RFID antenna 124 maybe configured to communicate with a series of RFID tags 300 (as shown inFIGS. 17A-C, for example). Preferably, the guide rails 122 areconfigured to keep the inventory basket 238 or other container above theRFID antenna 124 and thus prevent inadvertent contact or damage.

As best illustrated in FIG. 7A, an RFID antenna/reader 128 may belocated along the top of the RFID box 100. The location of the RFIDantenna 124 and RFID antenna/reader 128 are merely exemplary, anylocation is contemplated. Further, any number of RFID antennas 124 andRFID antenna/reader 128 are contemplated. The RFID antenna 124 and theRFID antenna/reader 128 may be electrically connected, preferably by awire 130. The wire 130 may comprise wire for supplying power tocomponents of the RFID box 100, including, but not limited to, the RFIDantenna 124 and the RFID antenna/reader 128, as well as wire forfacilitating the communication of data to and from components of theRFID box 100, including but not limited to the RFID antenna 124 and theRFID antenna/reader 128. In order to minimize electromagnetic leakage,the wire 130 may exit the RFID box 100 thorough a pass through device126.

In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the pass throughdevice 126 may be configured to cover the aperture in the RFID box 100where the wire 130 passes outside of the RFID box 100. The pass-throughdevice 126 may comprise an enclosure defining a channel which extendsalong the rear wall of the RFID box 100 for the wire 130 to passthrough. The pass through device 126 may be fastened, welded, orotherwise adhered to the inside rear wall of the RFID box 100.Preferably, conductive tape is used along the seams between the passthrough device 126 and the RFID box 100 to minimize electromagneticleakage. The pass through device 126 may comprise a coupler 134 (as bestillustrated in FIG. 7B) that connects the internal wire 130 to anexternal wire 131. The coupler 134 may be configured to substantiallyseal the aperture otherwise required to allow the wire 130 to passoutside of the RFID box 100. In exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention, the coupler 134 may be a female to female Ethernet and powerconnector.

One or more mechanical stops 119 may be located along the rear wall ofthe RFID box 100, though such is not required. The mechanical stops 119may be configured to prevent the inventory basket 238 or other containerfrom contacting the pass through device 126 and/or the rear wall of theRFID box. In other exemplary embodiments of the present invention, thepass through device 126 may act as a mechanical stop 119.

The components of the RFID box 100, including, but not limited to, theenclosure 110, the side panels 112, and the pass-through device 126 maybe fastened, welded, adhered, or otherwise secured in their respectivelocations preferably by conductive materials. Conductive tape or otherconductive material may be additionally placed along the seams of thecomponents of the RFID box 100 so as to minimize RFID leakage. Thesecomponents may be comprised of a metallic, conductive material such as,but not limited to, aluminum. Specifically, they may be comprised of ⅛″thick aluminum, though any thickness is contemplated. The use of aconductive material may serve to substantially electromagnetically“seal” the RFID box 100, thus minimizing RFID leakage, which therebyensures accuracy in RFID readings by ensuring that the RFID antenna 124and RFID antenna/reader 128 only detect RFID signals being emitted fromwithin the RFID box 100.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of an exemplary system in accordance with thisinvention. The system may comprise the RFID box 100, a server 140, andan electronic device 150. The RFID box 100 may be electrically connectedto the server 140, which may be electrically connected to the electronicdevice 150. The electrical connection may be wired or wireless. Inexemplary embodiments of the present invention, the server 140 islocated remote from the RFID box 100 and the electronic device 150. Forexample, without limitation, the server 140 may be a cloud based datastorage and processing server. Likewise, the electronic device 150 maybe located remote from the server 140 and the RFID box 100. The RFID box100, server 140, and electronic device 150 may be connected via theworld wide web, the internet, intranet, or other communications network.The electronic device 150 may be a laptop, personal computer, tablet,smart phone, or the like.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of exemplary logic for use with the system ofFIG. 8. Initially, the RFID box 100 may perform a scan of the inventorylocated therein. This may be accomplished by known methods. The datapertaining to contents of the RFID box 100 and related information arehereinafter referred to as the baseline box content data. In otherexemplary embodiments of the present invention, the baseline box contentdata may be generated in whole or part by manual entry. This baselinebox content data may include the contents of the RFID box 100, names forthe contents, serial numbers, and the like. For example, but withoutlimitation, the RFID box 100 may be used in a medical setting for theinventory of medications. In such a case, the baseline box content datamay include the number, type, name, expiration date, prescribingphysician, date stored, date removed, and the like for each medicationin the RFID box 100. Of course, this application is merely exemplary andis not intended to be limiting. Any application for the RFID box 100 iscontemplated.

The baseline box content data may be transmitted to and stored on theserver 140. At a later time, the contents of the RFID box 100 may bescanned and the data recorded, this data is hereinafter referred to asthe current box content data. The current box content data may then betransmitted to the server 140 for storage and processing. The server 140may compare the current box content data with the baseline box contentdata and produce summary of the comparison, hereinafter referred to asthe comparison data. The comparison data may then be transmitted to theelectronic device 150 for display.

FIG. 10 through FIG. 16 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention. In these figures, like elements have been labeledsimilarly to the first embodiment (e.g., RFID box 200, interiorenclosure 213, door 214, tabs 216, guide rails 222, etc.). FIG. 11through FIG. 13 illustrate how the latches 220 may interact. Forexample, the latches 220 may be magnetic devices placed on the lip ofthe RFID box 200 and may be configured to interact with a series ofmagnets 221 placed on the door 214. The magnets may be located andoriented such that they are attracted to one another and hold the door214 shut when the door 214 is located in a closed position.

FIG. 14 illustrates the rear view of and interior of another exemplarypass through device 226. In the present embodiment, the pass-throughdevice 226 may be substantially rectangular in shape and contain thecoupler 234 positioned on a bottom portion thereof and extended betweena plate that substantially fills the interior of the pass-through device226.

In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, as illustrated inFIGS. 15 and 16, the inventory basket 238 may be sized and configured tosubstantially fill the interior cavity of the RFID box 200. Theinventory basket 238 may comprise grab handles 239 for ease of use.

FIGS. 17A and 17B illustrate an exemplary RFID tag 300 for use with thepresent invention. The RFID tag 300 may comprise a tail section 302connected to a first tab 304, which is connected to a second tab 306.The first tab 304 and the second tab 306 may be separated by aperforation 308. Some or all of the rear surface of the RFID tag 300 maycomprise an adhesive such that the RFID tag 300 may be placed on anobject to be inventoried, such as, but not limited to, a medicationcontainer. The tail section 302 may be sized and configured to wraparound an object to be inventoried such that the first tab 304 sticksout from the object to be inventoried. Preferably, the tail section 302has a reduced thickness relative to the first and second tabs 304 and306 such that the object to be inventoried can be clearly seen. Forexample, without limitation, if placed around a medicine container, thelabel on the container and the drug itself can be clearly viewed. Thesecond tab 306 may be removed, preferably along the perforation 308, andadhered to an object to be inventoried. In other exemplary embodiments,the second tab 306 may be folded onto the first tab 304 along theperforation 308 to form a flag.

The first tab 304 and the second tab 306 may each comprise anidentification number 312 and/or a code 314 such as, but not limited to,a bar code, QR code, or the like. The second tab 306 may furthercomprise an RFID antenna 310 configured to communicate with the RFIDantennas 124 and the RFID antenna/reader 128.

In an exemplary embodiment, each tab 306, 304 has a length ofapproximately 1.189 inches and a height of 0.6 inches. The tail has aheight of 0.188 inches. The RFID tag 300 has an overall length of 4.75inches, prior to any folding. The RFID tag has a thickness of 0.005inches. In other embodiments, the dimensions of the RFID tag may vary asdesired. Any size, shape, or design of the RFID tag 300 is contemplated.

A further exemplary embodiment of the invention that includes accesscontrol and auditing features is depicted in connection with FIGS.18-25. In applications in which the present invention is deployed inconnection with control substance inventories and other similarlycontrolled and dangerous items, it may be desirable for access to suchinventories to be monitored and controlled. In the case ofpharmaceutical deployment, for instance, such as at a healthcarefacility, drugs inventoried utilizing the RFID box discussed herein maybe distributed about the facility for use and expedient access duringthe provision of healthcare services. For example, distribution boxessuch as box 400 may be placed in convenient locations throughout afacility for access by healthcare professionals, patients and the like,as needed.

In some embodiments, the distribution boxes may be networked with aninventory system such as shown in connection with FIG. 8 above, and maylog deposits and withdraws of an inventory kit or basket and thecontents thereof at each event. In other embodiments, the distributionboxes may be configured to authenticate a user attempting to access thebox before access is granted. In some of these embodiments, thedistribution boxes may further or separately track box access for auditpurposes or regulatory compliance, for example, such as for use infurthering Joint Commission (JCAHO) compliance goals.

An exemplary embodiment of the distribution box 400 is shown withFaraday cage construction shielding methods similar to those describedin connection with the RFID box 100. An enclosure 410 may be C-shapedsuch that it forms the top 402, rear 404, and bottom 406 surfaces of thehousing. The enclosure 410 may additionally include lips 408 and 409that extend vertically from the top 402 and the bottom 406 surfaces suchthat it forms a portion of the front surface of the housing andpartially defines an aperture 411 in the front surface of the housing.In some embodiments, it may be convenient to mount the inventeddistribution box 400 on a vertical surface, such as the wall of ahospital operating room or patient room, such that mounting brackets 413are provided for securing said box 400 to said vertical surface. A pairof side panels 412 may be configured to fit within the enclosure 410 oneither side thereof such that the side panels 412 forms the sidesurfaces of the distribution box 400. In exemplary embodiments of thepresent invention, the side panels 412 may be open top box shaped suchthat they likewise create a lip that protrudes inwardly from the leftand right side panels such that it forms a portion of the front surfaceof the housing and partially defines an aperture 411 in the frontsurface of the housing.

One or more hinge mechanisms 418 may connect the door 414 to the housingsuch that the distribution box 400 is completely enclosed. In anexemplary embodiment of the present invention, one or more hinges 418are located on the lip formed along the upper edge of the enclosure 410and connect the door 414 to the enclosure 410. This may reduce saggingof the door 414 otherwise resulting from placing the hinges on the sideof the distribution box 400. Sagging of the door 414 may create gaps inthe distribution box 400 housing and result in electromagnetic leakage,which is undesirable in applications in which the inventory items in akit are being logged.

In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the hinges 418 arecontinuous tension hinges that are configured to bias the door 414 inthe opened position, preferably at a 170° angle from the front surfaceof the distribution box 400. The door 414 may be sized and located tocover the front of the distribution box 400 and be substantially flushwith the side and bottom edges thereof, thereby preferably overlappingwith at least a portion of the front face of the box 400 created by thelips of the enclosure 410 and the side panels 412. In exemplaryembodiments of the present invention, the door 414 may comprise one ormore tabs 416 that protrude beyond the side panels 412 to facilitate auser manipulating the door 414 between a closed position and an openedposition. In other exemplary embodiments of the present invention, thedoor 414 may comprise pull handles, knobs, or other devices for openingand closing the door 414.

As best shown in FIG. 20, the lip extending around the front of thedistribution box 400 may further comprise a number of latches 420. Thelatches 420 may be configured to temporarily secure the door 414 in theclosed position against the housing. The latches 420 may be magneticdevices configured to interact with the door 414 itself, magnets locatedthereon such that the door 414 is held securely in place against thehousing until acted upon by a user, or similar spring-biased mechanicalequivalents, for example.

A gasket 432 may be located along the perimeter of the front surface ofthe housing for the distribution box 400. In exemplary embodiments, thegasket 432 may extend along the lip created by the enclosure 410 and theside panels 412. The gasket 432 may be comprised of a conductivematerial and may be a foam, tape, pad, or the like. The door 416 mayfurther be provided with additional insulation or electromagneticshielding material, as at 417. Similarly, an interior enclosure 419 withan open face may be affixed within the enclosure 410 and generallywithin the box 400, wherein the open face 421 is aligned with theaperture 411. The interior enclosure 419, which surrounds the interiorcavity 415, may be used to provide additional electromagnetic insulativecapacity to the box 400, and provide a smooth working surface forinventory storage.

A control system 450 is also provided in the exemplary embodiment shownin connection with FIGS. 18-25. In some embodiments, the control system450 is utilized as an access control or audit system, an inventorytracking system, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, thedistribution box 400 may be configured with an access control or auditsystem 450 that includes a lock mechanism 452, and authenticationmechanism 454, an access control unit 456 and associated communicativecoupling means 458. The distribution box 400 may also be provided with alatch 420 secured to the door 416 corresponding to and complementary tosaid locking mechanism 452, whereupon the door 416 is secured in defaulta closed position in which the box 400 cannot be opened to access itscontents without proper authentication via the authentication means 454.

Depending upon the deployment environment, the authentication means 454may be provided in a manner conducive and complementary to existingauthentication means already in use at a location. For example, a lockaccess point may be provided which includes an RFID antenna located at asurface of the distribution box 400. The RFID antenna may be configuredto communicate with a series of RFID tags 300 (as shown in FIGS. 17A-C,for example), an ID badge, or wrist band, such as the wrist band 460depicted in connection with FIG. 20. In some embodiments, theauthentication means 454 is an RFID antenna secured to the distributionbox 400 outside of the shielded envelop of the box 400. When a userwearing an RFID-enabled wrist band 460 or other similar device passesthe device 460 in close proximity to the lock access point 454, the RFIDantenna receives the ID transmitted by the band 460, and passes thesignal via conductive wire 458 to an access control unit 456 for furtherprocessing.

An electronic lock mechanism 452 is provided to couple to the door latch420 to prevent unauthorized access to the contents of the distributionbox 400. This lock receives actuation signals from the access controlunit 456 via conductive wires 458, which in turn receives and processesinputs from the lock access mechanism 454. In some embodiments,RFID-enabled cards, badges, wrist bands, or bracelets 460 are providedto users, such as hospital staff, and the access control unit 456 isprogrammed to open the lock mechanism 452 upon a successful scan of apredetermined ID range received at the lock access device 454. In otherembodiments, the distribution box 400 may be networked with the RFIDinventory box system (see, e.g., FIG. 8) which it may query to determineauthorized ID ranges. In the latter case, temporary ID bracelets 460 maybe issued, such as for patients, wherein access to a distribution box400 is restricted to a particular location (e.g., the patient's room) ora particular length of time (e.g., during a hospital stay).

Importantly, the invented distribution box 400 and access control system450 may be configured to log access to the distribution box 400, eitherlocally in a memory unit of the access control unit 456 or remotely(e.g., 150 in FIG. 8). Therefore, the distribution box 400 ensures anaudit trail is created of inventory access at a granular level. A userdesiring to view the audit trail may do so by accessing a web portalthat provides information about the status and history of items in thebox, as well as the users that have accessed the box. The web portal mayalso be used to change settings, including which users (RFID-enabledcards, wrist bands, or bracelets) are authorized to access the box.

In some embodiments, the lock access mechanism 454 may be configuredwith other alternative types of access readers, as is desired in aparticular application. For example, the lock access mechanism could beprovided as an RFID antenna, a biometric reader, a proximityinduction-based card reader, a mag-stripe reader, a keypad, or acombination thereof.

In some cases, the distribution box 400 may further include an internalRFID antenna as part of the access control unit 456 for tracking andlogging inventory items present both before and after an access event.While the box 400 may be configured with a targeted RF leak at thelocation of the lock access mechanism 454, exemplary embodiments mayinclude two antennas (internal and external) shielded from one anotherto track box access and inventory levels. Network access, power sourceor both for the access control unit 456 may be achieved, for example,via an Ethernet pass-through 462 in the housing 410. Those skilled inthe art will appreciate that, while an exemplary configuration of thelock 452 and latch 420 mechanism, lock access reader mechanism 454,access control unit 456 and pass-through 462 is shown in connection withFIGS. 18-25, other suitable configurations are possible withoutdeparting from the scope of the instant invention as needed for aparticular application. Those skilled in the art will also appreciatethat in other exemplary embodiments the box 400 may include a mechanicallock that can be accessed with a physical key in addition to the lockaccess mechanism. The mechanical lock may provide secondary security orbe configured to override the lock access mechanism 454. In such anembodiment, the key may be used to open the box when the power is out.

The components of the distribution box 400, including but not limited tothe enclosure 410 and the side panels 412, may be fastened, welded,adhered, or otherwise secured in their respective locations preferablyby conductive materials. Conductive tape or other conductive materialmay be additionally placed along the seams of the components of the RFIDbox 400 so as to minimize RFID leakage. These components may becomprised of a metallic, conductive material such as, but not limitedto, aluminum. Specifically, they may be comprised of ⅛″ thick aluminum,though any thickness is contemplated. The use of a conductive materialmay serve to substantially electromagnetically “seal” the distributionbox 400 thus minimizing RFID leakage, which thereby ensures accuracy inRFID readings by ensuring that an RFID antenna and RFID antenna/readeronly detect RFID signals being emitted from within the RFID box 400 foraccuracy and efficacy in inventory tracking procedures.

A second exemplary embodiment of a distribution box 500 and itscomponents are shown in connection with FIGS. 26-33. FIG. 26 depicts theexterior of the exemplary box 500, which is formed of a C-shaped housing510, side panels 512 and a door 514. A lock access mechanism 554 ismounted to the side panel 512, and in this embodiment is an HID-brandproximity card reader unit. In other embodiments, other alternativeaccess mechanisms may be substituted or used in conjunction with such anelement as discussed above. Ethernet 564 and power 566 are shown leadingto the control unit 556 inside of the enclosure 510. FIG. 30 alsodepicts the box 500 from a rearward side perspective, and illustratesthe entry point of the network cable 564 and mounted reader unit 554.

FIG. 27 illustrates the box 500 with the door 514 in the open position,hinged to the left side of the enclosure 510. The latch 520 is fixed tothe right side of the door 514 in a position for complementary matingregistration with the electronic latch 552 secured to the box 500 at thelower end of the right side panel 512, below the access reader unit 554.An interior enclosure 519 with an open face is affixed within theenclosure 510 and generally within the box 500. FIG. 28 is a perspectiveview of the right interior side of the box 500 with the interiorenclosure removed. The electronic lock strike 552 is shown mountedtherein.

FIG. 29 is a further perspective view of the interior of the box 500with the interior enclosure 519 removed, primarily focused on the upperportion of the box interior. Here, the elements of the access controlunit 556 can be seen, as well as electric connections 558 coupling thecomponents of the control system generally. In this exemplaryembodiment, the control unit of the box 500 can be seen to include aprocessing unit 570, a lock mechanism 552, connections 558, RFID reader572 and access reader unit 554. In this embodiment, the box 500 isprovided with a ThingMagic M6E-MICRO RFID reader unit 572, which is usedto receive RFID signals from inventory items and kit baskets placedwithin or removed from the box 500. The processing unit 570 utilizes aRaspberry Pi 3 Model B Motherboard for processing the RFID informationreceived from the reader 572 and the access reader unit 554, andhandling network communications and lock mechanism 552 actuation. FIG.31 shows a second view of the reader unit 572 for clarity.

FIGS. 32 and 33 depict components of the processing unit 570 used inthis exemplary embodiment. The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Motherboard 580 isshown in FIG. 32, and a daughter card 582 is shown in FIG. 33. Thedaughter card 582 is secured to the motherboard 580 via threadedfasteners (not shown) screwed into the threaded mounts 584 on themotherboard, via apertures 586 in the daughter card. The daughter cardprovides the necessary circuitry for actuation of the lock mechanism 552with suitable boosts to voltage.

In certain embodiments, the processing unit 570 allows for localprocessing of authorization requests and comparison of baselineinformation against inventory scans. While changes in user roles andchanges to baseline information may be effected through a web portal,the box 500 can perform many operations locally, allowing it to maintainoperability even when network/internet connection is unavailable.

Another embodiment of a distribution box 600 having different shape andsize is shown in connection with FIGS. 34 through 37. FIG. 34 depictsthe exterior of the exemplary box 600, which is formed of a housing 610and a door 614. In this embodiment, and as best seen in FIG. 37, thedoor hinges are comprised of tabs 620 formed from the same sheets ofmetal as the door and cabinet, with a bearing 622 in-between, providingfor a seamless appearance. A lock access mechanism (not shown) and cardreader unit (not shown) may be mounted to the housing 610 as desired. Aninterior enclosure 612 defines an interior cavity 613 for receivingitems. The box and cavity may be sized to receive a single traycontaining pharmaceutical items and/or other items. In an exemplaryembodiment, the dimensions of the interior cavity 613 may be 24.5 inchesin width, 3.875 inches in height, and 16.7 inches in depth. Of course,in other embodiments the dimensions of the interior cavity 613 may varyas desired. While this embodiment could be attached to a wall, it mayalso be placed on a surface such as a counter top or on top of a cabinet700, as shown in FIG. 37. In some embodiments the box may contain bottombrackets allowing it to be secured to surface. The compact nature of thebox allows it to be used in locations that may have little spaceavailable, such as a fire station.

As shown in FIGS. 35 and 36, the box 600 has four adjustable feet 615,each located at a bottom corner of the box, which may be adjusted asnecessary to allow the box 600 to be level or avoid wobbling when inuse.

The box 600 may have a status light 617 located on the housing. Thestatus light 617 may display one or more colors that communicateinformation to a user. In an exemplary embodiment, the light can turngreen, orange and red. When a scan reveals that all items are present,and all items are unexpired, the light 617 may be green. A user can takeone look at the box and upon seeing the green light know that there isno need to replace any expired items, and that all items are present.The light 617 turns orange when one or more items are expired, providinga visual notification to the user that restocking is necessary. When thescan indicates that according to baseline box content data an item ismissing, the box may turn red, again providing a visual notification tothe user that restocking is necessary and possibly a review of the auditrecords is necessary as well to see what user removed the item. Ofcourse, in different embodiments, the light may be configured indifferent ways. The light may be an LED light in electroniccommunication with the motherboard 580. The box 600 may be powered byPoE (power over ethernet) or other means. An ethernet port may belocated on its back side or other surface. In some embodiments, the boxmay include a battery to allow it to remain operable when the power goesout or during transport.

This embodiment may have a mechanical lock in addition to the lockoperated by the lock access mechanism. The mechanical lock may becompletely separate to and provide a secondary level of security to thelock access mechanism. This may allow for increased security. Themechanical lock may also be configured to override the lock accessmechanism in times when the power is out or in other emergencysituations.

Different embodiments may also have a display screen integrated into thebox itself to provide written notifications to users. For example, thescreen may display the name of a pharmaceutical item that has expiredalong with its expiration date. In some embodiments, the screen maydisplay the name of the last user that has accessed the box. The screenmay be sized such that it can only provide a few words to a user or itmay be larger and even have touch-screen capabilities to allow users toconfigure settings, enter queries, or otherwise obtain information aboutcontents and access history.

It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that a boxshaped like the embodiment in FIGS. 34 through 37 may contain many ofthe features shown in other embodiments of the figures as desired toprovide a convenient solution to a consumer.

Any embodiment of the present invention may include any of the optionalor preferred features of the other embodiments of the present invention.The exemplary embodiments herein disclosed are not intended to beexhaustive or to unnecessarily limit the scope of the invention. Theexemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain theprinciples of the present invention so that others skilled in the artmay practice the invention. Having shown and described exemplaryembodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art willrealize that many variations and modifications may be made to thedescribed invention. Many of those variations and modifications willprovide the same result and fall within the spirit of the claimedinvention. It is the intention, therefore, to limit the invention onlyas indicated by the scope of the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device for scanning and tracking RFID-taggedinventory comprising: a housing surrounding an interior cavity, saidhousing having a front side with an aperture for receiving one or moreitems into said interior cavity; a door, said door adapted for movementbetween an open position allowing access to said interior cavity and aclosed position preventing access to said interior cavity; at least oneRFID antenna located within said interior cavity; said antennaconfigured to communicate with one or more RFID tags; at least one RFIDantenna/reader located within said interior cavity; said antenna/readerconfigured to communicate with one or more RFID tags; a processor, saidprocessor in electronic communication with said at least one RFIDantenna and said at least one RFID antenna/reader; and at least twoguide rails adapted to support an inventory container that containsRFID-tagged inventory, said at least two guide rails located on aninterior bottom surface of said inner cavity such that said at least oneRFID antenna is positioned between said at least two guide rails on saidinterior bottom surface of said inner cavity and further such that saidat least two guide rails are adapted to keep an inventory container thatcontains RFID-tagged inventory above said at least one RFID antenna tolimit inadvertent contact with said at least one RFID antenna; wherein,said processor is adapted to instruct said at least one RFID antenna andsaid at least one RFID antenna/reader to perform a scan to identifyitems present in said interior cavity.
 2. The device of claim 1, whereinsaid housing is comprised of a c-shaped enclosure and a pair of sidepanels.
 3. The device of claim 1, wherein said door is biased in saidopen position.
 4. The device of claim 1, wherein said door furthercomprises at least one tab that protrudes beyond the side panels.
 5. Thedevice of claim 1, wherein said door further comprises a lip around atleast a portion of said aperture.
 6. The device of claim 1, furthercomprising at least one locking mechanism for securing said door in saidclosed position.
 7. The device of claim 6, wherein said device furthercomprises a lock access mechanism in communication with said at leastone locking mechanism, said lock access mechanism able to communicaterequests for access to said processor.
 8. The device of claim 7, whereinsaid processor is in communication with a memory for storing an audittrail of users that obtain access to said interior cavity.
 9. The deviceof claim 1, further comprising a light protruding from the surface ofsaid housing, said light having at least one status that represents anotification for a user.
 10. The device of claim 1, further comprisingat least one bracket for securing said device to a wall.
 11. The deviceof claim 1, wherein an interior enclosure comprised of electromagneticshielding material is affixed within said housing and surrounds saidinterior cavity.
 12. The device of claim 1, wherein access informationis communicated from said processor to a cloud based web server foreventual display on a user device.
 13. The device of claim 1, whereinsaid antenna/reader is able to receive information from a plurality ofRFID tags placed on items located in said interior cavity.
 14. A systemfor scanning and tracking RFID-tagged inventory, comprising: a box forreceiving one or more items, said box comprised of a housing thatdefines an opening, an interior enclosure located within said openingand comprised of electromagnetic shielding material, an antenna locatedwithin said opening and capable of communicating with one or more RFIDtags, an antenna/reader located within said opening and capable oftransmitting information received from said one or more RFID tags to aprocessor, and at least two guide rails adapted to support an inventorycontainer that contains RFID-tagged inventory, said at least two guiderails located on an interior bottom surface of said interior enclosuresuch that said antenna is positioned between said at least two guiderails on said interior bottom surface of said interior enclosure andfurther such that said at least two guide rails are adapted to keep aninventory container that contains RFID-tagged inventory above saidantenna to limit inadvertent contact with said antenna; a server, saidserver located remotely from said box and in wireless communication withsaid processor; one or more RFID tags, each of said one or more RFIDtags adapted to be applied to an item, each of said RFID tags displayunique identifying information.
 15. The system of claim 14, wherein saidprocessor is capable of receiving baseline data from said server, andcomparing said baseline data against information received from said oneor more RFID tags.
 16. The system of claim 14, wherein said uniqueidentifying information comprises an identification number.
 17. Thesystem of claim 14, wherein said unique identifying informationcomprises a bar code.
 18. The system of claim 14, wherein said processorrestricts access to said interior enclosure.
 19. The system of claim 14,wherein said box further comprises mounting brackets for securing saidbox to a wall.